Pay attention to the list of links on the home page. Everything you need to know about the AT is listed in those links.
Re-supply schedule.
http://www.whiteblaze.net/forum/content.php/221
Towns you walk through on your proposed list:
Hot Springs, NC. Fabulous re-supply, sleep well, get clean & recharged (you & gear), good grub, US Post office, library, Bluff Mounatin Outfitters for gear and food.
Damascus, VA. Same as Hot Springs I'm sure.
Towns/villages near the trail:
Elk Park, NC. Turn right on US 19E after descending from Roan Mountain. Elk Park is 1-2 miles along the highway. A small village with convenience stores, cafes, a bakery. Probably charging.
Erwin, TN. I know Erwin is close & many folks go there for a hostel, re-supply, etc. I don't know how close as I've never been there. I'm sure others will fill in the blanks.
Beyond Damascus, VA is a blank spot in my experience. Do some homework.
Have fun.
Wayne