Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles are a family of
armored fighting vehicles designed to survive
IED attacks and
ambushes. IEDs cause the majority (63%) of US deaths in Iraq.
[1] There is no common design; there are several vendors, each with a competing entry.
[2] Brig. General
Michael Brogan of the
United States Marine Corps is in charge of the MRAP program, for which the Marines are the lead service.
[3] The Marine Corps had planned to replace all
HMMWVs in combat zones with MRAP vehicles, although this appears to have changed.
[4][5][6][7] As armored vehicles are considered an "urgent need" in Iraq and Afghanistan, this program is primarily funded under an "emergency war budget". On
2007-
05-08 Defense Secretary
Robert Gates stated that the acquisition of MRAPs are the
Department of Defense highest priority,
[8] so for
fiscal year 2007
US$1.1 billion is earmarked for MRAP .
[9]
Several criticisms of the MRAP program have been its lack of a common design, which presents a wartime logistical challenge, the vehicle's inability to withstand
EFP attacks, and the relatively few number of units which have been delivered to Iraq and Afghanistan, despite large orders.
[10] However, some analysts see the diversity of MRAP vehicles as an advantage.
[11] Other criticisms include the vehicle's weight and size, which severely limit its mobility off main roads, in urban areas, and over bridges.
[12] Its heft also restricts several of the vehicles from being transported by
C-130 cargo aircraft. Although three MRAP vehicles will fit in a
C-17 aircraft, airlifting is extremely expensive at $750,000 per vehicle, estimated by the U.S. Transportation Command.
[13] For comparison, sealifting costs around $13,000 per vehicle, but takes between three and four weeks for the vehicle to arrive in theater.
[14][15] For these reasons, in December 2007, the Marine Corps reduced its request from 3700 vehicles to 2300.
[16] The Army is also reassessing its MRAP requirements in Iraq although there is no sign that they intend to reduce the number of vehicles it intends to procure as additional vehicles may be sent to Afghanistan where commanders are requesting them.
[17][18]