Dried fruit actually has a lot of calories - look at the labels.
Beans are good if they are precooked and dehydrated. When you are on the trail you probably won't want to cook anything that takes over 10 minutes or so, both because of the fuel needed and because you'll be HUNGRY. Mashed potatoes are okay if they are eaten along with other foods. For a non-vegetarian - add spam, sausage or bacon or a hearty soup as a side. I used them as a starter course once I figured out they wouldn't really satisfy me by themselves. Same with stuffing - though again, if you add meat it works okay as a main course.
Canister stoves work well on the AT since all you have to do is light them - no need to prime it. I have switched to alcohol for backpacking, which works well if all you are doing is heating water or doing quick cooking pasta (bring food to a boil, cover, when the alcohol goes out wait ten minutes or so. Then eat. Doesn't work well when it's really cold since the food goes cold before it finishes cooking.)
Some people do well with non-linear hikes. Others lose the continuity if they are jumping around. As long as your goal is simply to complete the entire trail, you should be fine. Some people feel that if they don't start at Springer and finish at Katahdin it's not a 'real' thruhike. It's up to you how you perceive your hike. We had a friend who had some business he needed to deal with, so he broke his hike up into four sections, with a return home at the end of each. It worked for him. Others have found that going home makes it too tempting to stay there when the trail gets tough.